2025 Vol.32(6): 1–7    [Abstract] ( 43 )    [PDF 3640 KB ] ( 54 )

Studying the spatial-temporal variation characteristics of delayed chilling injury in rice in Northeast China can provide reference for disaster prevention and reduction. The 5 km×5 km meteorological dataset from 1981 to 2010 provided by Beijing Normal University was used in this study to analyze the spatial-temporal changes in delayed chilling injury to rice in Northeast China. Results showed that the sum of the average temperatures in the rice-growing season increased with each decade, with the anomaly shifting from a negative value to a positive value. Both the frequency and coverage of mild, moderate, and severe chilling injuries decreased. From 1981 to 1990, chilling injuries occurred at the highest frequency with the largest coverage, particularly the severe delayed chilling injuries. From 1991 to 2000, chilling injuries occurred less frequently. From 2001 to 2010, chilling injuries occurred in certain regions and in a few years. The grid points with mild, moderate, and severe delayed chilling injury in rice in the Northeast region showed a reduction in chilling injury, accounting for 36.14%, 47.01%, and 98.20% of the total grid points, respectively. The grid points with first aggravation and then reduction accounted for 30.10%, 21.87%, and 0.53%, respectively. With global warming, the frequency of delayed cold damage, especially that of severe delayed cold damage, is gradually decreasing

2025 Vol.32(6): 8–12    [Abstract] ( 28 )    [PDF 1535 KB ] ( 13 )

In order to explore the genetic evolution relationship of Klebsiella pneumoniae（Kp）, bioinformatics method was used in the experiment. The Genbank numbers of two Kp strains isolated in our laboratory were used for Blast query on the official website of NCBI. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of 26 Kp strains from different regions were downloaded, aligned and clipped, and the homology was compared and the phylogenetic tree was constructed. The results showed that Kp spreaded widely among countries, and Kp in the same country had no obvious regional clustering phenomenon. Kp transmission was more frequent in populous countries. For example, China and the United States were closely related to strains from many countries, and distance affected the distance of kinship to a certain extent. Pakistan, a country of large migration population, was closely related to strains from Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands, and Australia was closely related to strains from the United States. The selected reference strains originated from a common ancestor, and the results of this study provide a reference for the prevention and control of the transmission of Kp.

2025 Vol.32(6): 13–18    [Abstract] ( 28 )    [PDF 4734 KB ] ( 14 )

This design by combining the ESP8266 and the LoRa module, overcomes the distance limitation of the traditional system, and realizes real-time collection of environmental information and remote control of equipment for free-range hen houses. The system adopts a LoRa-based data acquisition architecture to monitor key parameters, such as temperature, humidity, light intensity and harmful gas concentration in the hen house in real time, and realizes accurate monitoring through a distributed sensor network. In the event of an emergency or abnormal situation, the system will activate the alarm mechanism to ensure the safety of the hens. The system consists of two parts: host computer and lower unit. The self-made APP and OneNET cloudera data platform are collectively referred to as the host computer, which is mainly responsible for data upload and command release. The lower unit consists of a main engine with NodeMCU as the core and two Arduino slaves with LoRa modules. The host communicates with the cloudera data platform through ESP8266 module; the slave is connected to a variety of sensors and actuators to achieve real-time monitoring and control of the environment and equipment.

2025 Vol.32(6): 19–23    [Abstract] ( 32 )    [PDF 1041 KB ] ( 6 )

In order to investigate the adsorption performance of Sanxan gel ball on methylene blue dye, this study prepared 0.6% hydrogel beads using Sanxan gel ball as the main research material, and after its vacuum freeze-drying, explored the adsorption of methylene blue through a variety of single factor experimental. The adsorption properties of Sanxan gel ball for methylene blue and the optimization of methylene blue adsorption conditions were studied. The results showed that the optimal conditions were as follows: when the initial adsorption concentration was 400 mg/L, the adsorption time was 12 h, the adsorption pH was 11, and the adsorption temperature was 25 ℃, the maximum adsorption capacity was 218.7 mg/g, and the removal rate was 95.2%. The methylene blue adsorption process of Sanxan gum conforms to the first-order kinetic adsorption model. This research provides a new material for adsorbing methylene blue dyes, which can effectively reduce pollution.

2025 Vol.32(6): 24–31    [Abstract] ( 38 )    [PDF 4436 KB ] ( 20 )

Controlling hydraulic retention time（Hydraulic Retention Time, HRT）is one of the important means to improve water quality in water treatment. This essay introduces an ecological sponge ladder rainwater treatment system based on the concept of hydraulic retention and sponge city, which is distributed on the revetment of the river. With the non-point source pollution caused by simulated different rain patterns in precipitation weather as the main research object, the data of the four indicators of water pH value, TDS, conductivity and ammonia nitrogen content before and after water treatment were compared. It was verified that the design of the system can effectively realize the purification and improvement of the water quality of non-point source polluted water. The results showed that through the operation and work of the ecological sponge cascade rainwater treatment system, the pH value of the water was adjusted to be neutral, the TDS value was reduced by 9.75%, the conductivity was reduced by 10.74%, ammonia nitrogen content was adsorbed by 33.98% and the eutrophic substances in the water can be adsorbed.

2025 Vol.32(6): 32–41    [Abstract] ( 25 )    [PDF 1179 KB ] ( 8 )

The prediction of agricultural water consumption is of great significance for regional water resource planning, management, and utilization. Multivariate statistical analysis methods were used to research water use structure and trends of agricultural water consumption in Tianjin in this paper. Results indicated that from 2001 to 2020, agricultural water consumption in Tianjin showed a slow decline, but still higher than that of other industries. In 2021—2022, the ecological water consumption（accounting for about 35%）exceeded the agricultural water consumption（accounting for about 30%）. Fourteen influencing factors related to agricultural water consumption were screened out, and based on correlation analysis, three highly correlated influencing factors of agricultural water consumption in Tianjin were determined: domestic water consumption, ecological water consumption, and disposable income of rural residents. Based on factor analysis, three main driving factors affecting agricultural water consumption in Tianjin were identified: social and irrigation area, water resources, and industrial water consumption. Based on multiple linear and multiple nonlinear regression, three prediction models for agricultural water consumption in Tianjin were constructed, namely MLR model（R2=0.722）, MNLR model（R2=0.729）and FA-MNLR model（R2=0.849）; These three models have mean relative error（MRE）≤11.861% and root mean square error（RMSE）≤1.787, all of which can effectively predict agricultural water consumption in Tianjin. Among them, FA-MNLR model has the highest fit, integrating 14 influencing factors and having logical relationships with agricultural water consumption. Factor analysis and multiple nonlinear regression are combined, which provides a new modeling method. Results of this paper can provide reference for agricultural water consumption prediction, water resource allocation and management.

2025 Vol.32(6): 42–49    [Abstract] ( 105 )    [PDF 1410 KB ] ( 47 )

Pumpkin polysaccharide is an important active ingredient, Since our previous study has indicated that Lactobacillus plantarum biotransformation enhanced scavenging ability of 1, 1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine free radicals of pumpkin polysaccharide, in this study, the chemical composition, monosaccharide composition, structural properties, rheological properties and antioxidant activities of pumpkin polysaccharide（PP）and biotransformed pumpkin（BPP）were tested to further explore the changes of physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of PP. The results showed that the content of glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid in BPP were increased, while the content of glucose were decreased. Macromolecular structures were decomposed but the structure of functional groups were not changed. The viscosity of BPP was higher than that of PP at the same shear rate and concentration. BPP and PP were dose-dependent on the scavenging ability of 1, 1-diphenyl-2- trinitrophenylhydrazine, hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion radical and iron ion. The antioxidant effect of BPP was better than that of PP in vitro. Meanwhile, compared with PP, BPP could significantly improve the survival rate and glutathione oxidase activity of UV-damaged yeast cells（P<0.05）. In summary, the antioxidant activity of BPP was improved, which may be related to the change of physicochemical properties. The results of this study will provide theoretical basis for the further development and utilization of pumpkin polysaccharide and preparation of related functional food.

2025 Vol.32(6): 50–56    [Abstract] ( 31 )    [PDF 2660 KB ] ( 8 )

In recent years, with the rapid development of China's aquaculture industry, factory intensive aquaculture has gradually become a trend in the development of China's aquaculture industry. In this high-density aquaculture model, the concentration of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen in the aquaculture water has become uncontrollable, the incidence of aquatic biological diseases has greatly increased, and the aquaculture environment has also been polluted, which has had a significant impact on the development of the aquaculture industry. At present, biological denitrification is considered as one of the most optimal strategies for treating aquaculture water, in which denitrifying bacteria play an irreplaceable role. This study screened a safe and efficient aerobic denitrifying bacterium from the sediment of aquaculture ponds, and classified and identified it as Ochrobactrum anthropi A14 through 16S rDNA sequence comparison. Safety testing was conducted, and with ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen as the main indicators its denitrification performance was studied. The effects of different temperatures, pH, carbon sources, and C/N on the denitrification and denitrification of this strain were explored, as well as its application effect in water bodies. The strains isolated in this study have certain application value, and the research results have theoretical significance. The experimental results provide a feasible aspect for improving water pollution in aquaculture.

2025 Vol.32(6): 57–67    [Abstract] ( 24 )    [PDF 1349 KB ] ( 8 )

In order to improve the quality of the biberrg apple blended fruit wine, the effects of four kinds of clarifying agents, including bentonite, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidone（PVPP）and egg white powder, on the clarification effect, physical and chemical indicators, aroma components and sensory evaluation of bilberry apple blended fruit wine were studied. The results showed that the light transmittance was significantly increased by 8.1%-9.4% after clarification. There was no significant change in the physicochemical indicators of each wine sample. A total of 118 aroma components were detected by headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（HS-SPME-GC-MS）, including 23 alcohols, 13 acids, 43 esters, 4 phenols, 6 ketones, 7 aldehydes, 4 terpenes, 9 alkanes and 9 other aroma components. The sensory evaluation showed that the 0.6 g/L bentonite treated wine had a pleasant and harmonious appearance and the highest sensory score. The comprehensive evaluation determined that 0.6 g/L bentonite was the best clarification scheme for bilberry and apple blended fruit wine.

2025 Vol.32(6): 68–75    [Abstract] ( 24 )    [PDF 2592 KB ] ( 8 )

This study explores the effects of a composite probiotic yogurt on the immune function of mice with immune suppression induced by cyclophosphamide. Fifty ICR mice were randomly divided into a control group（NC）, a model group （MC）, a low-dose group（LPYC, concentration: 109 CFU/250 g）, a medium-dose group（MPYC, concentration: 1010 CFU/250 g）, and a high-dose group（HPYC, concentration: 1011 CFU/250 g）. The study measured the mouse weight, organ index, morphology of the spleen tissue, expression levels of immunoglobulins and immune cell factors, to investigate the effects of probiotic yogurt on immune function. The results showed that the mouse weight growth of the MPYC group and HPYC group was significantly higher than that of the MC group（P<0.05）, but lower than that of the NC group（P>0.05）. The spleen and thymus index of the LPYC, MPYC, and HPYC groups were significantly higher than that of the MC group（P<0.05）, but significantly lower than the weight gain of the NC group mice（P>0.05）. HE staining showed that composite probiotic yogurt improved the morphology of the spleen tissue. ELISA showed that compared with the MC group, composite probiotic yogurt significantly increased the expression of immunoglobulin IgG and IgA in mouse serum（P<0.05）. qRT-PCR results showed that composite probiotic yogurt significantly increased the expression of immune cell factors TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12 in mouse serum （P<0.05）. In conclusion, composite probiotic yogurt has a significant effect on improving the immune function of immune- suppressed mice.

2025 Vol.32(6): 76–82    [Abstract] ( 25 )    [PDF 847 KB ] ( 10 )

The method of systematic quality analysis was adopted to compare the differences between ‘Jinyuan 89' and its progeny in terms of product quality, eating quality, and appearance quality, aiming to prioritize the selection of progeny lines with high yield, superior eating quality and physicochemical properties during the breeding process. Regarding yield and its components, the progeny ‘CK56' exhibited the highest yield, significantly surpassing that of the parent ‘Jinyuan 89'. Although the yields of other progeny lines were lower than that of ‘CK56', most still outperformed their parent. In terms of quality: the progeny ‘CK41' demonstrated lower amylose and protein contents, along with a higher eating quality score, showcasing outstanding quality performance among the progeny. Among the rice texture characteristics, ‘2188' excelled in balance, eating quality performance, and overall rice quality. In summary, among the progeny lines of ‘Jinyuan 89', ‘CK56' and ‘2188' displayed superior comprehensive quality performance and are recommended for large-scale cultivation. The conclusion suggests that when breeding rice, the balance between rice eating quality and yield should be considered as the starting point to select high-yielding and high-quality rice varieties.

2025 Vol.32(6): 83–89    [Abstract] ( 24 )    [PDF 771 KB ] ( 35 )

Sorghum, as an important food, feed, and energy crop, occupies an important position in global agriculture. With the development of China's economy, the demand for sorghum is constantly increasing. Therefore, breeding high-yield and high- quality varieties is crucial for the development of the sorghum industry. QTL gene mapping is an important technique in genetics used to locate and identify genes that control quantitative traits, and therefor to explore related genes that control agronomic and quality traits in sorghum. This article reviews the current research status of QTL mapping for agronomic traits such as sorghum plant height and tillering, as well as quality traits such as tannin, starch, and protein. At present, QTL research on the main agronomic and quality traits of sorghum still faces problems such as environmental factors, low marker density, poor accuracy of phenotypic traits, and gene interactions. This article provides a prospect for the future of QTL research in sorghum, and provides theoretical guidance for researchers engaged in sorghum gene cloning, gene mapping, establishment of gene maps, and molecular marker assisted selection breeding.

2025 Vol.32(6): 90–97    [Abstract] ( 22 )    [PDF 1000 KB ] ( 12 )

The new quality productivity of agriculture is an inherent requirement and important focus to promote the level of agricultural modernization. This article elaborates on the connotation of agricultural new quality productivity from the aspects of its formation and constituent elements. It constructs the logical driving mechanism of agricultural new quality productivity for agricultural modernization from six aspects, namely mechanization of production procedures, scientific production technology, agricultural industrialization, agricultural informatization, sustainable agricultural development, and intelligent labor subjects. It also deeply analyzes the practical difficulties faced by the current agricultural new quality productivity in promoting agricultural modernization, and proposes practical paths for developing agricultural new quality productivity to empower agricultural modernization from five aspects: technological innovation, industrial innovation, green transformation, high-quality talent cultivation, and institutional mechanism innovation.

2025 Vol.32(6): 98–102    [Abstract] ( 23 )    [PDF 1323 KB ] ( 13 )

This paper provided the organic integration of the teaching system of Engineering Survey and ideology education in colleges to train qualified inter-disciplinary talent for new agricultural science. Based on the teaching characteristic, this paper studied the approach, the ideological and political education, the teaching design in the Engineering Survey practice teaching system with purpose to construct a teaching model for cultivating talents and actualizing the fusion of professional knowledge and ideological and political teaching. Through those, this study achieved the goal of morality education and provide reference for other specialized courses in the ideological and political education and practice