2026 Vol.33(3): 1–5    [Abstract] ( 40 )    [PDF 647 KB ] ( 17 )

In response to the problems of severe soil salinization, low productivity, and low self-sufficiency rate of oil crops in coastal areas, four treatments were set up: T1（control）, T2（lactose peptide）, T3（inositol）, and T4（lactose peptide+inositol）to study the effects of biostimulants（lactose peptide, inositol）on salt resistance physiological indicators of peanut leaves, peanut yield, dry matter accumulation, nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient absorption, quality, and nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient efficiency enhancement. The results showed that T4 treatment could significantly enhance the activities of SOD, POD and CAT in peanut leaves, increasing by 12.66%, 21.34% and 40.53% respectively compared with the control. The absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in various parts of peanuts was increased by 5.90%-48.01% and 3.44%-42.68% respectively compared with the control. The contents of available nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil were relatively high. The experimental effect of T2 treatment was second only to that of T4. Overall, lactose peptides and inositol biostimulants can enhance the salt resistance and nutrient efficiency of peanuts, with the compound material showing the best effect. This study can provide a theoretical reference for the effective utilization of coastal saline soil.

2026 Vol.33(3): 6–12    [Abstract] ( 29 )    [PDF 1437 KB ] ( 2 )

The relationship between the heterosis of photosynthetic capacity and yield heterosis in drought-resistant maize is very close. Investigating the photosynthetic heterosis of maize is of great significance for the selection and breeding of high-efficiency varieties and high-yield and efficient cultivation. This study used typical drought-resistant maize varieties ‘Xianyu 335' and ‘Zhengdan 958' and their parents as experimental materials to explore the intrinsic relationship between the heterosis of photosynthetic production capacity indicators and yield heterosis in single-cross maize under two nitrogen supply levels. The results showed that at 0 kg/hm² nitrogen level, the SPAD, Pn, Gs, Ci, and Tr of drought-resistant maize leaves did not show heterosis compared to inbred lines, while yield exhibited a relatively low heterosis（51.89%）. After nitrogen application, the heterosis of photosynthetic indicators such as SPAD, Pn, Gs, Ci, and Tr appeared（4.03%, 35.90%, 51.00%, 15.60%, and 30.20%）, and the yield heterosis（94.34%）increased by 42.45% compared to the no-nitrogen treatment. Under the condition of 0 kg/hm2 nitrogen, the heterosis of yield mainly comes from crop dry matter accumulation and LAI, but the photosynthetic performance index of leaves does not have heterosis. After nitrogen application, the dry matter accumulation and LAI still have heterosis, and the photosynthetic production capacity of dry corn leaves shows obvious heterosis（especially Gs and Pn）. The results show that nitrogen application can significantly improve the heterosis of photosynthetic capacity of leaves of dry-land maize single cross, and nitrogen application is the main reason for the significant improvement of heterosis of maize single cross yield.

2026 Vol.33(3): 13–18    [Abstract] ( 25 )    [PDF 1619 KB ] ( 0 )

To investigate the effects of different light intensities on the growth of cutting seedling of miniature potted rose（Rosa chinensis var. minima）, this study used four cultivars ‘Juicy Terrazza', ‘Cinderella', ‘Apollo Jewel' and ‘Rose Terrazza Pisce' as experimental materials. Three shading treatments were set（L1:70% high light transmittance; L2:45.5% moderate light transmittance; L3:17.5% low light transmittance）. Growth parameters of underground（rooting number, root fresh weight, rooting percentage）and aboveground shoot（length, unfolded leaf number, stem diameter, fresh weight）of cutting seedling were measured, meanwhile combined with dynamic monitoring of light intensity and substrate temperature, to select optimal light conditions for cutting propagation. The results showed that（1）Shading treatments significantly affected the synergistic variation between light and substrate temperature. Under L1 treatment the average light intensity was the highest, and the morning substrate temperature was the lowest（14.05 ℃）, while the afternoon substrate temperature significantly raised and reached a peak of 22.61 ℃.（2）L1 treatment markedly promoted root development and rooting number（15.3 roots/plant）, root fresh weight（0.52 g/plant）, and rooting percentage（89.5%）increased by 36.6%, 67.7%, and 23.8%, respectively, compared to L3 treatment; the rooting number of cultivar ‘Cinderella' exhibited stronger dependence on high light transmittance（L1 treatment）;（3）Aboveground shoot growth was simultaneously optimized under L1 treatment with shoot length（average 12.4 cm）, unfolded leaves number（average 6.2 leaves）, fresh weight（average 2.8 g）, and stem diameter（average 2.3 mm）improved by 36.3%-75.0% improvement over L3 treatment. The new shoot growth of cultivar ‘Cinderella' exhibited stronger dependence on high light transmittance（L1 treatment）, while cultivar ‘Rose Terrazza Pisce' adapted well to moderate light transmittance（L2 treatment）. In conclusion, 70% light transmittance is the ideal light condition for cutting propagation of miniature potted rose, and it is suggested that shading strategy by adjusted based on cultivar characteristics in production.

2026 Vol.33(3): 19–24    [Abstract] ( 24 )    [PDF 1153 KB ] ( 1 )

This experiment involved the artificial infection of Clarias gariepinus with Aeromonas veronii. Based on the transcriptome data of the spleen from healthy C. gariepinus and those infected for 3, 24, and 48 hours, the expression levels of the c-type lysozyme Unigene sequence and c-type lysozyme gene were analyzed. The results revealed that the c-type lysozyme Unigene sequence was 742 bp long, with the coding sequence（CDS）region spanning from position 99 to 539, totaling 441 bp. At positions 257 and 502, there were transitions of G→A and C→T bases, while at position 86, there were multiple base insertions or deletions, resulting in two genotypes: GGTCTAA and G------. The expression level of c-type lysozyme in the spleen of C. gariepinus continued to increase within 48 hours post-infection, reaching its peak at 48 hours, significantly higher than the expression levels at 3 and 24 hours post-bacterial infection and that of healthy C. gariepinus spleen. Clustering analysis was performed on the CDS sequences of the c-type lysozyme gene in C. gariepinus and eight other fish species retrieved from NCBI. The results indicated that the similarity between the c-type lysozyme gene CDS sequences of C. gariepinus and Clarias batrachus was the highest, at 95.24%. This study provides preliminary insights into the expression and sequence characterization of c-type lysozyme in the spleen of C. gariepinus, and lays foundation for further in-depth studies on the function of this gene in the immune system.

2026 Vol.33(3): 25–29    [Abstract] ( 26 )    [PDF 1622 KB ] ( 0 )

In order to investigate the activity of taxus polysaccharides（TP）against chicken infectious bursal disease virus（IBDV）and its mechanism of action, experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of TP on the infection of DF-1 cells with IBDV B87 strain on an in vitro fibroblast cell culture system by three modes of action: direct inactivation, inhibition, and blockade. The antiviral activity of the taxus polysaccharides was detected by using cytopathic inhibition assay and CCK-8. The results showed that the maximum safe concentration of taxus polysaccharide was 125 μg/mL, at this concentration, taxus polysaccharides had a certain direct inactivation effect on B87 strain, and the best antiviral effect was achieved by pretreatment for 1 h. However, it could not effectively prevent the virus adsorption. This suggests that the taxus polysaccharide can play an antiviral role by directly inactivating or blocking the virus from invading the cells.

2026 Vol.33(3): 30–35    [Abstract] ( 40 )    [PDF 1504 KB ] ( 89 )

This study was carried out to explore the influence of different packing density and transportation time on the behavior and status [body weight（41.63±1.00）g, body length（10.35±0.40）cm], survival rate, water quality index and antioxidant capacity of grass goldfish. Transportation was simulated by plastic bag packing with 4 packing densities（i. e. A 12 tails / pack, B 16 tails / pack, C 20 and D 24 tails / pack）and 4 transportation times（24,48,72 and 96 h）. The results showed that the dissolved oxygen and pH decreased; The content of nitrite and ammonia nitrogen increased; The T-AOC oxidative stress increased and then decreased; SOD activity and CAT activity decreased to different degrees; The grass goldfish in groups A and B showed better antioxidant resistance and lower stress response, and the survival rate was significantly higher than those of groups C and D. The study shows that a high packing density（24 tails/pack）is adopted within 48 hours of transportation, 20 tails is recommended for 72 hours, 16 tails for 96 hours, but 12 tails/pack is not recommended as packing density（physical damage due to excessive activity space）.

2026 Vol.33(3): 36–41    [Abstract] ( 26 )    [PDF 1381 KB ] ( 0 )

Based on the optimized QuEChERS pretreatment technique, an ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry（UPLC-MS/MS）method was developed for the determination of DA-6 residue in eggs and chicken tissues. With DA-6 as the research object, the spiking test was carried out in six matrices, namely, egg, chicken meat, chicken gizzard, chicken blood, chicken liver and chicken heart. The results showed that the linearity of DA-6 in the six matrices was good in the concentration range of 0.000 3-0.030 0 mg/L with the correlation coefficients greater than 0.999. The recoveries of DA-6 in eggs, chicken meat and gizzards at the spiked concentrations of 0.005 mg/kg, 0.010 mg/kg, 0.200 mg/kg ranged from 74.1% to 108.2% with the relative standard deviations（RSD）less than 5.0%. The recoveries of DA-6 in chicken blood, chicken heart and chicken liver at the spiked concentrations of 0.008 mg/kg, 0.050 mg/kg and 0.200 mg/kg were in the range of 70.2%-94.2% with the relative standard deviations（RSD）less than 3.3%. In conclusion, this method for the determination of DA-6 residues in eggs and chicken tissues is simple to operate and meets the requirements of the guidelines for pesticide residue testing in terms of accuracy and precision.

2026 Vol.33(3): 42–45    [Abstract] ( 30 )    [PDF 3090 KB ] ( 0 )

The histological characteristics of the closed-shell muscle, gills, coat membrane, hepatopancreas and gonads of the Spondylidae were studied using paraffin sections and HE staining. Dissection and morphological observation of the adult Spondylus Spondylidae revealed its internal structural organization. The results showed that its adductor muscles consist of both striated and smooth muscle types. Gills are mainly composed of inner gill flaps and outer gill flaps with gill flaps divided into main gill filaments and common gill filaments. The outer coat membrane consists of the limbic membrane and the central membrane, of which the limbic membrane includes three kinds of protuberances, namely, shell-bearing protuberances, sensory protuberances, and rimming protuberances; And the inner and outer epidermis of the central membrane is made up of single-layered columnar ciliated cells, which have the ability of stretching and retracting. Hepatopancreas is an important digestive gland of shellfish, which belongs to the complex ductal glands, and the epithelium of the ducts consists of two types of digestive cells and basophilic cells. The gonad has the function of producing, storing and releasing germ cells. The Spondylidae is dioecious and the gonad consists of three parts, the germinal follicle, the germinal tubules and the germinal ducts.

2026 Vol.33(3): 46–51    [Abstract] ( 30 )    [PDF 2507 KB ] ( 0 )

To investigate the effect of stir-frying on starch in root vegetable dishes, this study selected three common root vegetables: potato, lotus root, and yam. Through stir-frying treatment, its effects on the starch content, thermal properties, rheological properties and microscopic morphology of samples were systematically examined. The results showed that the total starch content of the three ingredients decreased by 20%-30% after stir-frying; the peak temperatures of yam, potato and lotus root starch were 82.11, 61.11 and 60.98 ℃, respectively. It indicated that yam starch had better thermal stability, whereas after stir-frying, the starch of the cooked dishes did not have a heat-absorption transition peak from 40 ℃ to 100 ℃, and the starch was completely gelatinised. Stir-frying resulted in a significant increase in the dynamic modulus（G'、G"）of potato and lotus root starch, but yam starch demonstrated an opposite trend, indicating reduced elasticity of cooked yam starch. Notably, the loss tangent（tanδ）values of all cooked starches remained below 1, suggesting that elastic behavior still dominated the gel structures of the starch systems. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that raw material starch showed a complete structure, while after stir-frying, the starch granules broke into fragments and aggregated into clumps. The results of this study help to deepen the understanding of the effect of stir-frying on starch in ingredients, and can provide basic data to support the innovation of cooking methods.

2026 Vol.33(3): 52–57    [Abstract] ( 70 )    [PDF 1295 KB ] ( 0 )

Inonotus obliquus is a kind of edible fungus containing a variety of bioactive substances, among which its polysaccharides exhibit notable antioxidant activity. In this paper, extracellular crude polysaccharide was obtained from the liquid fermentation broth of I. obliquus, and the antioxidant ability of extracellular polysaccharide from I. obliquus before and after deproteinization was detected. The content of crude polysaccharide in liquid fermentation broth of I. obliquus measured by phenol-sulfuric acid colorimetric method was 1.28 mg/mL. The deproteinization rate reached 51.5%, but the loss rate of polysaccharide was 25.4% with Sevag method after four rounds of deproteinization. In vitro antioxidant studies, the concentration was 0.8 mg/mL, the clearance rates of ·OH-, O2-·and DPPH were 33.1%, 33.4% and 32.1%, but after deproteinization the clearance rates for ·OH-, O2-·and DPPH were 29.9%, 30.6% and 25.6%, respectively. It is concluded that extracellular polysaccharide of I. obliquus has certain antioxidant ability in vitro.

2026 Vol.33(3): 58–64    [Abstract] ( 34 )    [PDF 2930 KB ] ( 0 )

Strain ZMN-3 is a new exopolysaccharide-producing strain of Massilia isolated from desertified soil. Recently, the classification of some members of this genus in GTDB has been revised, but the classification of these members has not been analyzed from other taxonomic perspectives. In order to clarify the membership relationship of ZMN-3 related genera and explore its potential biological functions, this study adopted polygene evolutionary tree analysis, gene annotation function analysis and comparative genomic analysis, and predicted the secondary metabolite gene cluster. The results showed that strains ZMN-3 and Pseudoduganella plicata DSM 17505 have good collinearity. The combination of these results with MLSA and physicochemical analysis supports the reclassification of strain ZMN-3 from the Massilia genus to the Pseudoduganella genus. The genome of strain ZMN-3 had a size of 6 337 491 bp, a GC content of 66.5%, and contained 5 541 coding genes. The annotation results of the COG, GO, and KEGG databases show that strain ZMN-3 has the potential to synthesize various types of compounds for soil remediation. The bioinformatics analysis of strain ZMN-3 to explore its potential biological functions can provide data support and theoretical basis for the subsequent development and utilization of strain ZMN-3.

2026 Vol.33(3): 65–73    [Abstract] ( 31 )    [PDF 1983 KB ] ( 90 )

The dynamic variation of groundwater level is the most intuitive factor for measuring whether the groundwater system is in a benign cycle. The shallow groundwater in over-exploitation areas of Anyang plain is taken as the research object. This paper comprehensively considers multiple constraints including soil salinization, vegetation ecological security, underground structures and aquifer thickness to determine the controlled critical groundwater level. The percentile statistical method is used for water level early warning based on the impact of South-to-North Water Diversion Project. The coupling mechanism between the critical water level and early warning of groundwater is studied. The results show that the upper limit water level of shallow groundwater is 48.09-128.20 m, and the lower limit water level is 18.55-49.35 m. The red early warning areas of groundwater show significant spatial agglomeration characteristics, mainly distributed in Neihuang County and Anyang County. After the water supply of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, only the blue early warning water level in parts of urban Anyang exceeds the upper limit water level. The red early warning water level in Neihuang County is lower than the lower limit water level, and the early warning water levels of other counties are all within the range between the upper and lower limit water levels.

2026 Vol.33(3): 74–80    [Abstract] ( 36 )    [PDF 1853 KB ] ( 4 )

The widespread use of antibiotics in the breeding process has led to the presence of pollutants such as antibiotic resistance genes（ARGs）in livestock manure. At present, the exploration of changes in the abundance of ARGs and mobile genetic elements（MGEs）during aerobic composting of pig manure and their interactions with various factors mainly relies on experimental research, but there is relatively little research on the application of machine learning models. This article collected 191 and 181 valid data on ARGs and MGEs from published articles, respectively, and used support vector machine models to predict the impact of process parameters on ARGs and MGEs. The training set R2 of ARGs is 0.986, and the testing set R2 is 0.942; The training set R2 of MGEs is 0.987, and the testing set R2 is 0.921. Using SHAP to analyze target features, it was found that the important features predicted by the model ARGs during aerobic composting are, in order, total composting time, real-time composting temperature, duration of high temperature period, and pH. Analyzing the importance of features in predicting MGEs, the main features are, in order, real-time composting days, real-time composting temperature, total composting time, and duration of high temperature period. This article provides a scientific basis for predicting ARGs and risk control in the process of pig manure treatment.

2026 Vol.33(3): 81–89    [Abstract] ( 30 )    [PDF 1223 KB ] ( 0 )

This paper provides an in-depth exploration of the current status and future development trends of microencapsulation technology in functional foods. Microencapsulation is a technique that uses polymer materials as film-forming materials to encapsulate active ingredients, creating microcapsules that are either semi-permeable or sealed. This technology is advantageous for protecting the active components in functional foods. Appropriate wall materials can endow functional foods with targeting capabilities and even enable the precise release of the encapsulated active ingredients. The article offers a detailed introduction to the choice of wall materials for microcapsules, preparation methods and application examples in functional foods. Research findings from both domestic and international studies have shown that microencapsulation technology can effectively protect active ingredients such as vitamins, functional oils, bioactive peptides, and probiotics, thereby enhancing the quality and added value of products. However, the technology still faces challenges such as production costs, wall material safety, and environmental impact. Future research should focus on the development of novel, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective wall materials, as well as an in-depth investigation of the behavior and release mechanisms of microcapsules in the human digestive tract, in order to promote the sustainable development of functional foods and the food industry.

2026 Vol.33(3): 90–97    [Abstract] ( 28 )    [PDF 927 KB ] ( 0 )

The scientific evaluation of ideological and political education integrated into curriculum instruction has emerged as a critical challenge in the reform of blended teaching. Addressing the “online-offline-practice-reflection” continuum characteristic of blended learning, this study develops a systematic and quantifiable evaluation framework informed by Outcome-Based Education（OBE）principles and operationalized through the Analytic Hierarchy Process（AHP）. The framework comprises 4 first-level and 11 second-level indicators. An empirical investigation involving 620 students enrolled in the Mathematical Modeling Methods and Applications course at Tianjin Agricultural University reveals an average comprehensive achievement score of 74.8 for students' ideological and political literacy. The analysis identifies two critical deficiencies: the absence of value-oriented guidance in online learning environments and the lack of structured opportunities for students to engage in value conflict resolution. In response, targeted improvement strategies are proposed. The findings demonstrate that the evaluation system exhibits robust scientific validity and practical applicability, effectively establishing a closed-loop mechanism of “evaluation-analysis-improvement”. This study offers a replicable framework for the quantitative assessment and continuous enhancement of ideological and political education within blended teaching contexts.

2026 Vol.33(3): 98–102    [Abstract] ( 23 )    [PDF 822 KB ] ( 1 )

Currently, Tianjin Agricultural University offers the Principles of Chemical Engineering course for majors such as Applied Chemistry. This course is one of the core components of the “three transfers and one reaction” framework in the chemical knowledge system. Under the Background of the emerging engineering education reform, the traditional teaching approach of the Principles of Chemical Engineering course requires in-depth transformation. This paper systematically analyzes current issues in the teaching of this course, such as the difference between theory and practice and insufficient integration of theoretical knowledge, and proposes specific implementation pathways, including project-based teaching objectives, the construction of project database, project implementation and teaching effectiveness evaluation and countermeasures. These proposals hold significant importance for advancing the deep reform of Principles of Chemical Engineering education.