2024 Vol.31(5): 1–10    [Abstract] ( 23 )    [PDF 2596 KB ] ( 13 )

Analyzing the codon preference of the EpCSP gene in Exobacterium profundum provides a theoretical basis for subsequent functional verification and genetic transformation research of the EpCSP gene. The research results indicated that the codon preference of the EpCSP gene in E. profundum was weak, preferring to use codons ending in A/T. By comparing and analyzing the codon preference parameters of CSP genes in different species, it was found that most species prefer to use codons ending in G/C. Cluster analysis of CDS sequences and RSCU values of CSP genes in 21 species showed that there were certain differences in codon usage preferences between E. profundum and 20 other different species. Neutrality analysis, PR2 plot analysis, ENc plot analysis, etc. all confirmed that natural selection was the most important factor affecting the formation of codon preference in CSP genes. Compared with the frequency of genomic codon usage in seven model organisms, it was found that in the selection of heterologous transformation receptors, the yeast eukaryotic expression system was more suitable for heterologous expression of EpCSP in E. profundum than the Escherichia coli prokaryotic expression system. Arabidopsis and wheat were more suitable as genetic transformation receptors for EpCSP genes in E. profundum than tobacco and rice. This study preliminarily revealed the usage patterns of the EpCSP gene codon in E. profundum, which has important guidance for subsequent gene function verification and can also provide a certain scientific basis for studying the molecular evolution of E. profundum.

2024 Vol.31(5): 11–19    [Abstract] ( 19 )    [PDF 11033 KB ] ( 8 )

To provide scientific guidance for effectively preventing the impact of late frost disasters on local apple production, this study selected representative stations such as Wanrong, Baishui, Liquan, Shaanzhou, Fushan, and Xiongyue to establish and test a spatial-temporal model of apple flowering period. The model was used to reconstruct the apple flowering period in the main producing provinces of northern China from 1970 to 2019, and its spatial-temporal variation characteristics were analyzed. The climate risk of late frost during apple flowering period was analyzed based on meteorological indicators of late frost. The results showed:（1）The established apple initial flowering model could accurately simulate the changes in the initial flowering period of representative stations with independent data. The root mean square error of internal testing was 4.26 d, and the root mean square error of cross testing was 5.00 d.（2）The spatial-temporal model simulation of the initial flowering period of apples showed a significant trend of early flowering.（3）The frequency and number of days of occurrence of light frost during apple flowering were the highest, followed by medium frost, while the frequency and number of days of occurrence of heavy frost were relatively low.（4）From a spatial perspective, the frequency, number of days of occurrence, and climate risk index of apple late frost in the Bohai Bay area were relatively small, while the frequency, number of days of occurrence, and climate risk index of apple late frost in the northern part of the Loess Plateau were relatively large. Therefore, under the background of climate change, apples in the fruit areas of the Loess Plateau are greatly affected by late frost, and attention should be paid to key prevention measures.

2024 Vol.31(5): 20–25    [Abstract] ( 17 )    [PDF 578 KB ] ( 6 )

A thorough assessment of 5 herbs’ waterlogging tolerance was conducted, furnishing a theoretical foundation for the fabrication of sponge city. Using 5 kinds of garden plants as experimental materials, potted water control used to simulate flooding stress, the wilting degree of plants under flooding stress was investigated. The comparison of the proline content（Pro）, peroxidase（POD）, superoxide dismutase（SOD）and catalase（CAT）of different plant leaves were made. The four indexes' comprehensive evaluation of D value was calculated by the principal component analysis（PCA）, and the waterlogging tolerance of 5 garden plants was thoroughly evaluated. After 28 days of flooding stress, the wilting degree and four physiological indexes of each plant changed significantly. The Pro content in Acorus calamus leaves decreased first and then increased, and the other 4 plants increased first and then decreased the contents of SOD, POD and CAT in the leaves of the five plants showed a certain synchronicity, and all showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The evaluation results revealed that the order of waterlogging tolerance of the 5 plants, ranging from strong to weak was: Pontederia cordata>Acorus calamus>Canna indica>Iris tectorum>Axonopus compressus. Moreover, the five garden herbs showed good waterlogging tolerance during the 28-days flooding test. These kinds of plants were suitable for selection and application in the construction of rain gardens.

2024 Vol.31(5): 26–31    [Abstract] ( 13 )    [PDF 2978 KB ] ( 3 )

By studying the effect of salt domestication of broccoli seeds on improving their salt tolerance, theoretical support is provided for salt tolerant cultivation of broccoli. Broccoli seeds were acclimated to salt for 7 days with 0, 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mmol/L NaCl. Using germination indicators as criteria, 75 and 100 mmol/L were selected as salt acclimation concentrations. Photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzyme activity, and osmoregulation substance content of their seedlings were measured under high salt treatment（225 mmol/L NaCl）. The results showed that salt acclimation of broccoli seeds significantly increased SOD activity, CAT activity, the content of photosynthetic pigments, proline, and soluble protein and significantly decreased the content of soluble sugar and MDA under high salt stress compared with CK2（salt control）. Compared with CK2, the 75 mmol/L domestication group showed a significant increase of 283.95%, 289.22%, 277.13%, and 276.64% in total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids, with a significant increase of 16.64% in SOD activity, 120.76% in proline content, and 414.75% in POD activity. Comprehensive analysis shows that salt domestication of broccoli seeds can improve their salt tolerance, and membership function analysis results show that 75 mmol/L NaCl domestication of broccoli seeds has the best domestication effect.

2024 Vol.31(5): 32–39    [Abstract] ( 13 )    [PDF 3527 KB ] ( 1 )

Using wild red bean lingonberry and apple juice as raw materials, the effects of different blending ratios on the physical and chemical indicators, aroma components and sensory characteristics of wild red bean lingonberry blended fruit wine were studied. Headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（HS-SPME-GC-MS）and principal component analysis（PCA）were used to analyze the aroma components of wild red bean lingonberry fruit wine with different blending ratios. The results showed that a total of 154 aroma components were detected in 9 samples, of which 17 were shared conponent. Alcohols and esters were important components of the aroma of wild red bean lingonberry fruit wine. The results of principal component analysis showed that a total of 8 principal components were extracted from 9 samples, of which 45 were the first principal components, with a contribution rate of 36.935%. The first principal components included damascenone, capric acid, acetophenone, etc. The sensory evaluation results showed that the wine sample with a volume ratio of 4∶6 of wild red bean lingonberry and apple juice had the highest sensory score of 90 points. Conclusion: The wine sample with a volume ratio of 4∶6 of wild red bean lingonberry and apple juice can be completely fermented, and the fruit aroma of wild red bean lingonberry and apple is balanced and coordinated, while other ratios of blended fruit wine have higher alcohols or acids, with complex aroma and rough taste.

2024 Vol.31(5): 40–45    [Abstract] ( 13 )    [PDF 8757 KB ] ( 3 )

A 9-year-old Rottweiler dog presented with right hind limb pain, lameness and mammary hyperplasia. The diagnosis was made by clinical observation, clinical examination, laboratory examination, imaging examination, surgical resection and exploratory laparotomy and histopathology. The results showed that the dog was mentally poor and its abdomen was obviously enlarged. Both the left and right sides of the penultimate second mammary glands were enlarged, visible breast area had a clear boundary, and the nipple was red and swollen with secretion of yellow fluid. The dog was slow in movement, reluctant to move, and had pronounced limp in right hind limb. The body temperature was 38.7 ℃. The total number of white blood cells, the number of neutrophils and the acute reaction protein（CRP）all increased. Decreased total red blood cell count, hemoglobin and hematocrit indicated infection and anemia. There were no obvious abnormalities in blood biochemical indexes. X-ray examination showed low bone density at the proximal tibia of the right hindlimb, loss of normal trabecular structure, destruction of bone cortex, and osteolysis. There was a large, nearly round, high-density mass in the midabdomen. A spherical dense mass was developed in the left posterior lobe of the lung. It can be initially diagnosed as invasive lesions of multiple sites and lesions. After surgical resection of the hyperplasia of the breast, an open abdominal exploration revealed a large tumor of 29 cm×20 cm×10 cm wrapped in the omentum with uneven surface. The tumor was not connected to other internal organs. There was a 4 cm×5 cm×8 cm tumor at the splenic head of the spleen with a ruptured capsule. The splenic and abdominal tumors were completely removed. Histopathological examination showed that the adenoid epithelial cells showed acinar hyperplasia in the breast tumor tissue, and the hyperplasia of the adenoid epithelial cells showed multiple layers or multiple layers of dense and disordered arrangement, and many spindle cells were found to be hyperplasia, which was a benign tumor. There was a large area of abdominal tumor tissue necrosis and bleeding. Tumor cells were oval, varying in size, nuclear round or oval, mostly located at one end with obvious nucleolus. There were more pathologic mitotic images, few interstitium, and multinucleated giant cells, similar to plasma cells, with some tumor cells undergoing necrosis. The histological morphology of splenic tumor was the same as that of abdominal tumor, and there were more mitotic images and megakaryocytes, which were malignant plasma cell tumors. A comprehensive analysis of clinical symptoms, laboratory examination, imaging examination and histopathological results confirmed that the dog had multiple myeloma.

2024 Vol.31(5): 46–51    [Abstract] ( 12 )    [PDF 719 KB ] ( 1 )

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of non-starch polysaccharide （NSP）complex enzyme preparation, antimicrobial peptide and enzyme peptide complex on intestinal enzyme activities of Tibetan chickens aged 21 to 63 days. A total of 240 14-day-old Tibetan chickens with similar body weight were randomly divided into 4 groups: basal diet group（control group）, enzyme preparation group, antimicrobial peptide group and enzyme peptide complex group. Pre-feed for 7 days, the contents of duodenum, jejunum and ileum of Tibetan chickens at 42 and 63 days of age were collected, and the activities of α-amylase, lipase, trypsin and chymotrypsin in chymus of each group were detected. The results showed that, compared with the control group, the activities of α-amylase and chylin in small intestine, duodenal and ileal lipase in Tibetan chickens at 42 days of age were significantly increased in the enzyme-peptide complex group（P<0.05）; The enzyme preparation significantly enhanced the α-amylase activity in both the duodenum and ileum, the lipase activity of jejunum and ileum in Tibetan chickens（P<0.05）; At 63 days of age, the activities of chymotrypsin, α-amylase and duodenal and jejunal lipase in duodenum and ileum of Tibetan chickens were significantly increased with the supplementation of enzyme peptide complex（P<0.05）; The enzyme preparation significantly increased the activity of lipase in small intestine, α-amylase activity in duodenum and ileum of Tibetan chickens（P<0.05）; However, antimicrobial peptides had no significant effect on intestinal enzyme activity of Tibetan chickens（P>0.05）. The results showed that the enzyme preparation alone and the combination of enzyme preparation and antimicrobial peptide could significantly enhance the enzyme activity in small intestine of Tibetan chickens, and the combined addition effect was better than that of enzyme preparation alone.

2024 Vol.31(5): 52–58    [Abstract] ( 16 )    [PDF 4504 KB ] ( 3 )

This study aimed at exploring the molecular characteristics of GNPTAB（alpha / beta subunits of N-acetylglucosamine- 1-phosphotransferase）gene and its immune response to infection with Aeromonas veronii in koi carp Cyprinus carpio var. koi. The CDS region of GNPTAB gene in koi carp was analyzed by bioinformatics. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR technology was applied to investigate the tissue distribution of GNPTAB gene from healthy C. carpio var. koi and its temporal expression in different tissues of the fish following challenging with A.veronii. The results showed that the length of GNPTAB gene CDS fragment was 3 747 bp, which encoded 1 248 amino acid and contained four specific domains. Real-time fluorescence Quantitative PCR analysis showed that GNPTAB was expressed in all tested tissues of healthy C. carpio var. koi, with the highest expression in the liver, followed by the muscle, intestine, spleen, skin, midkidney and head kidney. During 6-72 h after experimental infection with A. veronii in the C. carpio var. koi, the expression of GNPTAB was up-regulated in the intestine, while down-regulated in the liver, head kidney, spleen, skin and muscle. The differentiated expression in the tested tissues following infection with A. veronii in the C. carpio var. koi suggested that GNPTAB was involved in the pathophysiological process or the immune response against A. veronii.

2024 Vol.31(5): 59–66    [Abstract] ( 13 )    [PDF 821 KB ] ( 3 )

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of a combination of hydrolysed porcine mucosa and plant proteins as an alternative protein source for fishmeal on growth performance, body composition and antioxidant capacity of juvenile Largemouth bass（Micropterus salmoides）. Four isonitrogenous（51% crude protein）and isolipid（12% crude lipid）diets were formulated with a graded replacement of fishmeal by a composite mixture of hydrolysed porcine mucosa and plant proteins（corn gluten meal and fermented soybean meal）. The fishmeal content of the test diets were 40%（FM40）, 35%（FM35）, 30%（FM30）and 25%（FM25）with three replicates per group. Largemouth bass with an initial body weight of（5.05±0.02）g were fed twice a day on an apparent satiation for 70 days. The results indicated that 12.5 % of dietary fishmeal could be replaced without affecting growth performance. Meanwhile, the addition of complex protein increased feed efficiency rate（FER）and protein efficiency rate（PER）, which was significantly increased in the FM35 group（P<0.05）. Substitution of fishmeal with complex protein did not have significant effects on moisture, protein, lipid and ash of whole fish（P>0.05）. Additionally, the replacement of fishmeal did not have significant effects on serum alanine transaminase（ALT）and aspartate transaminase （AST）activities（P>0.05）. In terms of hepatic antioxidant capacity, the addition of complex proteins significantly reduced the malondialdehyde（MDA）content. The total antioxidant capacity（T-AOC）of the FM35 group did not produce a significant difference from that of the FM40（control）（P>0.05）, but the other treatment groups were significantly lower than that of the FM40（control）（P<0.05）. The hepatic catalase（CAT）and superoxide dismutase（SOD）in the liver were not significantly affected by the complex proteins substitution, but FM35 showed a slight increase compared to FM40（control）（P>0.05）. It is concluded that replacement of fishmeal by a combination of hydrolysed porcine mucosa and plant proteins could reduce the fishmeal content of juvenile Largemouth bass diets from 40% to 35% without affecting growth performance and liver health indicators.

2024 Vol.31(5): 67–71    [Abstract] ( 12 )    [PDF 873 KB ] ( 1 )

Cinnamaldehyde has good antibacterial, sterilization effect, but the features of being poorly soluble in water and easy oxidation limit its application range. In this study, cinnamaldehyde loaded nano-emulsion and hydroxypropyl（β）cyclodextrin inclusion were prepared. The determination of their antibacterial effect on 6 kinds of pathogenic bacteria-Vibrio vulnificus,Vibrio harveyi, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda and Aeromonas sobria was applied with streptomycin as positive control. The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration（MIC）of cinnamaldehyde nano-emulsion against the six aquatic pathogenic bacteria mentioned above were 0.93, 2.05, 1.67, 14.88, 9.30, and 1.86 mg/mL, respectively. The minimum bactericidal concentration（MBC）were 2.40, 6.00, 1.86, 16.00, 10.23 and 5.00 mg/mL, respectively. The antibacterial effect of cinnamaldehyde nano-emulsion was significantly better than that of cinnamaldehyde hydroxypropyl（β）cyclodextrin inclusion. Conclusion: compared with cinnamaldehyde hydroxypropyl（β）cyclodextrin inclusion, cinnamaldehyde nano-emulsion has higher drug loading rate and better antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria. Although the antibacterial and bactericidal activity of the two formulations against pathogenic bacteria is much lower than that of streptomycin, they still have potential application prospects in aquaculture.

2024 Vol.31(5): 72–79    [Abstract] ( 14 )    [PDF 6540 KB ] ( 2 )

To analyze the molecular characteristics, tissue distribution, and dynamic expression patterns post-pathogen infection of Keratin 8（Krt8）gene in zebrafish（Danio rerio）, this study cloned the coding sequence（CDS）of the zebrafish Krt8 and conducted a bioinformatics analysis. The expression distribution of the Krt8 gene in the intestine, liver, kidney, and skin tissues of healthy zebrafish was examined using real-time quantitative PCR, and its spatiotemporal expression pattern following infection with Shewanella algae was analyzed. The results showed that the CDS of the zebrafish Krt8 gene encoded a protein consisting of 520 amino acids with a molecular weight of 57.76 kDa, featuring 14 phosphorylation sites. Phylogenetic tree analysis indicated a close evolutionary relationship between the amino acid sequence of zebrafish Krt8 and that of Sinocyclocheilus anshuiensis. Furthermore, the Krt8 gene was expressed in the intestine, liver, kidney, and skin tissues of zebrafish, with the highest expression level observed in the liver. Following infection with S. algae, differential expression patterns of Krt8 were noted in the tested tissues, with a downregulation in the intestine and an initial increase followed by a decrease in the liver and kidney. In summary, the findings of this study suggest that Krt8 in zebrafish may play a role in the organism's immune response or pathophysiological processes induced by S. algae infection. These insights provide a valuable reference for further investigations into the functional mechanisms and roles of Krt8 protein.

2024 Vol.31(5): 80–85    [Abstract] ( 15 )    [PDF 4086 KB ] ( 7 )

To master the characteristics of irrigation requirement during the whole growth period of double cropping rice in Yazhou district, Sanya city, Hainan province and provide a reference basis for irrigation water allocation in planting area, this study analyzed the changes of local reference crop evapotranspiration（ET0）, crop water requirement（ETc）, effective precipitation（Pe）, net irrigation water requirement（IR）, irrigation requirement index（IRI）based on the daily meteorological data of Sanya city and the statistics of crop growth in local early and late rice planting areas for the period of 2002—2022 by using the Penman-Monteith formula and the single-crop coefficient method and combining with the trend rate as well as Mann-Kendall trend test. The results showed that: the ET0 in Sanya city ranged from 1 115.8 to 1 213.5 mm, and showed a not significant increasing trend with trend rate of 0.72 mm/a and the mean value of ET0 1 152.9 mm from 2002 to 2022. The ETc, Pe, and IR during the whole growth period of early rice ranged from 399.5 to 448.3 mm, from 94.4 to 200.9 mm, and from 205.5 to 353.0 mm respectively. ETc showed a not significant increasing trend with trend rate of 0.28 mm/a, and IR showed a not significant decreasing trend with trend rate of -0.18 mm/a. The ETc, Pe, and IR during the whole growth period of late rice ranged from 357.1 mm to 402.9 mm, from 266.1 to 422.7 mm, and from -65.7 mm to 126.2 mm respectively. ETc showed a significant increasing trend with trend rate of 0.78 mm/a, and IR showed a not significant increasing trend with trend rate of 2.04 mm/a. The crop water requirement of early rice at each fertility stage showed a trend of “jointing-booting stage”>“late tillering stage” >“tillering stage”>“milky ripening stage”>“heading and flowering stage”>“yellow maturity stage”>“transplanting and returning green stage”. The crop water requirement of late rice at each fertility stage showed a trend of “jointing-booting stage”>“tillering stage”>“milky ripening stage”>“late tillering stage”>“heading and flowering stage”>“yellow maturity stage”>“transplanting and returning green stage”. The irrigation requirement index of early and late rice in Yazhou district ranged from 0.51 to 0.79 and from -0.18 to 0.32 respectively, and a mean value of IRI were 0.67 and 0.09 respectively. It showed that early rice in Yazhou district relied on irrigation to a much greater extent than late rice, and that relying only on effective rainfall could not meet the needs of crop growth, and was prone to drought and water shortages, which required supplemental irrigation during the growth period.

2024 Vol.31(5): 86–92    [Abstract] ( 14 )    [PDF 1022 KB ] ( 2 )

Scientific and technological innovation is the source of power for industrial development. Transforming innovative agricultural scientific and technological achievements in theoretical form into actual productivity is conducive to promoting high-quality agricultural development and accelerating the pace of agricultural modernization. The performance evaluation index system of the transformation path of agricultural science and technology achievements in Tianjin was constructed in three dimensions, namely technology, economic benefits and social benefits, and the index weights of the first and second levels were derived using the AHP method. Based on the expert questionnaire, the FCE method was used to evaluate and compare the performance of different transformation paths of different kinds of agricultural science and technology achievements in Tianjin and seek the best transformation path for various kinds of agricultural science and technology achievements. Some suggestions were put forward from the government, science and education departments and enterprises to promote the transformation of agricultural scientific and technological achievements.

2024 Vol.31(5): 93–97    [Abstract] ( 15 )    [PDF 2427 KB ] ( 4 )

While promoting the exchange of Chinese and Western cultures and the convergence of hundreds of schools of thought, English teaching has also brought challenges to teachers, that is, how to strengthen students’ confidence in Chinese culture while understanding western culture, and achieve all-round education of English majors, which is worthy of discussion. This paper first explains the necessity of integration of the excellent Chinese traditional culture and the practice courses of English majors, and then takes Professional Practice 4 for English majors of Tianjin Agricultural University as a teaching case to analyze how to integrate the excellent traditional Chinese culture in the teaching by the bilingual reading of Chinese classical poetry and prose, and finally carries out teaching reflection and puts forward improvement measures.

2024 Vol.31(5): 98–102    [Abstract] ( 13 )    [PDF 810 KB ] ( 3 )

In the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the organically integration of the “Four Histories” education with the ideological and political education of graduate students in universities will help students strengthen the “Four Self-confidence”, enhance the “Four Consciousness”, and achieve “Two Maintenance”. The path of integration mainly includes: giving play to the ideological leading role of teachers, giving play to the role of postgraduate students as the main body of learning, and strengthening the use of network media technology.