2025 Vol.32(1): 1–6    [Abstract] ( 24 )    [PDF 5015 KB ] ( 4 )

Amino acid permeases（AAPs）play an important regulatory role in the transport of amino acids in plants. In order to further explore the biological function of maize AAP gene, in this study, the AAP gene（ZmAPP）was cloned from corn ‘B73’, and its sequence was analyzed by bioinformatics. The green fluorescent protein EGFP expression vector PCAMBIA1300- ZmAAP-EGFP was constructed. The onion epidermis was transformed by agrobacterium mediated method, and gene expression was observed by using fluorescence microscopy. The results showed thatthe total length of maize AAP gene cDNA sequence was 1 407 bp, encoding 468 amino acids, the theoretical isoelectric point（pI）was 8.72, the instability coefficient was 36.93（<40）, and the total average hydrophilicity was 0.487, which belonged to the alkaline stable hydrophobic protein. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that ZmAAP and barley AAP had the highest similarity at amino acid level, and subcellular localization results showed that ZmAAP was localized in cell membrane. This study serves as a basis for further research on maize AAP gene function and amino acid transport mechanism.

2025 Vol.32(1): 7–12    [Abstract] ( 20 )    [PDF 1378 KB ] ( 2 )

In order to study the impact of new potassium fertilizer on crop growth, improve the use efficiency of potassium fertilizer, promote crop growth, and improve crop yield and quality, the effects of new potassium fertilizer application（0, 75, 150, 225, 300 kg/hm2）on the yield, quality and potassium uptake and utilization of peanut were studied by using the conventional treatment of traditional potassium fertilizer（150 kg/hm2）as the control. The results showed that the dosage of the new potassium fertilizer 150 kg/hm2 had good performance in the dry matter accumulation, yield, potassium absorption and potassium utilization efficiency of peanut, and it was good in increasing the oil content, total soluble sugar content and reducing the total acidity of peanut; the dosage of the new potassium fertilizer 75 kg/hm2 could effectively improve the protein content of peanut; and the dosage of the new potassium fertilizer 300 kg/hm2 showed the best performance in increasing the vitamin C content of peanut, and the highest potassium supply level（available potassium）and the highest potassium supply potential（slow-acting potassium）in the soil in the current season. On the whole, when the dosage of the new potassium fertilizer was 150 kg/hm2, it had the best effect on improving the yield, quality and soil potassium uptake and utilization of peanut.

2025 Vol.32(1): 13–18    [Abstract] ( 19 )    [PDF 5481 KB ] ( 2 )

This study aims to clarify the effects of saline water on maize germination and provide technical support for the rational utilization of saline water resources for agricultural irrigation. With the grain and silage maize as test materials, different mineralization（0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 g/L）saline water treatments were set in germination experiment, and different mineralization（0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 g/L）saline water treatments were set in pot experiment to determine the responses of seed germination and plant growth to saline water. The results showed that no significant restriction was detected on seed germination under low mineralization（2-5 g/L）saline water treatments. High mineralization saline water delayed the germination process of ‘Jingnongke 728’, and obviously inhibited germination rate of ‘Jingnongke 728’ and ‘Jinling 327’. 2 g/L saline water irrigation had a lower inhibitory effect on the height, stem diameter, leaf length, leaf width and leaf area of maize plants, but the fresh and dry weight of ‘Jinling 327’ significantly decreased by 38.92% and 44.05%, respectively. Under the irrigation of low mineralization saline water, the leaf angle decreased, but SPAD value increased, and the opposite trend was detected under high mineralization saline water irrigation. When the mineralization of saline water higher than 3 g/L, the fresh and dry weight of ‘Jingnongke 728’ decreased by 35.90%-80.09% and 28.98%-71.50%, the fresh and dry weight of ‘Jinling 327’ decreased by 31.56%-86.32% and 56.30%- 84.31%. Comprehensive analysis showed that the salt tolerance threshold of seed germination was 0-6 g/L, and the safety threshold of saline water irrigation was less than 3 g/L.

2025 Vol.32(1): 19–24    [Abstract] ( 22 )    [PDF 3108 KB ] ( 1 )

In order to explore the mechanism of sodium nitrophenolate alleviating the phytotoxicity of clopyralid on rape, an indoor pot experiment was carried out. When the three leaves of rape seedlings were one heart, one group was sprayed with 0（CK）, 0.4, 0.8（recommended dose）, 1.6, 3.2, 4.0 g/L clopyralid, and the other group was sprayed with 9 mg/L sodium nitrophenolate on the leaf surface 24 h after treatment. The changes of antioxidant enzyme activity, chlorophyll and carotenoid content in the leaves of the two groups were compared.The results showed that the activities of antioxidant enzymes（CAT, POD, SOD）and the content of reduced glutathione（GSH）in rape seedlings increased first and then decreased with the increase of mass concentration of clopyralid. When the mass concentration of clopyralid was 1.6 g/L, the activity of CAT was the highest. When the mass concentration was 3.2 g/L, the increase of CAT activity decreased, the contents of chlorophyll and carotenoid decreased by 30.2 % and 6.0% respectively compared with CK, and the content of malondialdehyde（MDA）increased by 165.6%, when the mass concentration was 4.0 g/L. POD, SOD activity and GSH content were 11.0%, 26.0% and 17.7% lower than CK, MDA content increased by 195.5%, chlorophyll and carotenoid content decreased by 62.9% and 23.7%, respectively.After spraying sodium nitrophenolate, the activities of CAT, POD, SOD and the contents of GSH, chlorophyll and carotenoid in rape leaves were significantly increased compared with those treated with the same concentration of clopyralid. Compared with those before remission, MDA content decreased by 8.7%-44.5%, POD activity increased by 7.0%-11.8%, SOD activity increased by 10.1%-68.7%, GSH content increased by 8.5%-19.6%, chlorophyll content increased by 7.0%-28.9%, and carotenoid content increased by 7.1% -62.0%. In summary, low mass concentration of clopyralid can increase the antioxidant enzyme activity and GSH content of rape leaves, thereby improving the stress resistance of rape. When the mass concentration of clopyralid is too high, the MDA content of rape leaves is significantly increased, and the antioxidant enzyme activity, GSH content, chlorophyll content, and carotenoid content are significantly inhibited. After spraying sodium nitrophenolate, the inhibition effect is alleviated to varying degrees. With the increase of the mass concentration of clopyralid, the mitigation effect is weakened, indicating that sodium nitrophenolate can alleviate the phytotoxicity of clopyralid to rape to a certain extent.

2025 Vol.32(1): 25–29    [Abstract] ( 21 )    [PDF 557 KB ] ( 5 )

Conducting research on the resource utilization and feeding of reeds is of great significance for the rational development and utilization of localized feed resources, increasing local livestock and poultry production capacity, solving the problem of feed shortage for ruminant animals, and developing the breeding industry. To explore the changes in agronomic traits, yield, and nutritional composition of reeds at different growth stages, and to analyze and determine the optimal harvesting time using fresh reed grass as silage material, this experimental study was conducted. The results showed that the growth of reeds from the late growth stage to the booting stage was vigorous, with a significant increase in yield. There were more fresh green leaves and balanced various nutrient contents. Therefore, it is recommended to cut reeds from early July to early August, that is from the late growth stage to the booting stage, as feed materials for silage processing and modulation. The stubble height during reed cutting should be greater than 4 cm. At the same time, it is recommended to further carry out research on the processing and utilization technology of reed feed, so as to provide effective technical support for the utilization of reed feed and the development of grain saving animal husbandry.

2025 Vol.32(1): 30–33    [Abstract] ( 16 )    [PDF 1815 KB ] ( 2 )

In order to study the effects of Yinglu Huangjinbao（Eucommia ulmoides leaf extract）on the growth performance,diarrhea rate and fecal microbiota of weaned piglets, 40 piglets at the age of 26±2 days were selected and randomly divided into four groups. Group 1 was basic diet control group, groups 2 to 4 were traditional Chinese medicine feeding groups, and 0.2 g/kg, 0.4 g/kg and 0.8 g/kg Huangjinbao feed additives were added to the basal diet according to body weight, respectively. The test period was 14 days, the daily weight gain, diarrhea rate, intestinal microbiota, and serum immune indicators were tested. The results showed that, compared with the control group, the Yinglu Huangjinbao could increase the average daily gain（ADG）and average daily feed intake（ADFI）of weaned piglets, as well as reduce the feed to weight ratio（F/G）（P<0.05）in the high, medium, and low dose groups. In addition, the F/G was reduced by 21.72% and the ADFI was increased by 12.21% in the low dose（0.2 g/kg BW）of weaned piglets, and the diarrhea rate was also reduced by 26.20%. Alpha diversity analysis showed ACE, Chao 1, and Shannon index were significantly increased and Simpson index was decreased in the test groups（P<0.05）, indicating an enrichment of gut microbiota diversity in weaned piglets. The antioxidant stress indicators of T-AOC, T-SOD, GSH-Px in piglet serum were significantly increased and MDA activity was significantly reduced（P<0.01）. Huangjinbao could effectively increase the average daily weight gain, reduce the feed to weight ratio and diarrhea rate, improve the antioxidant stress capacity and enrich the gut microbiota of weaned piglets.

2025 Vol.32(1): 34–38    [Abstract] ( 21 )    [PDF 2499 KB ] ( 4 )

Metal-Organic Frameworks（MOFs）is a kind of porous crystal material synthesized by coordination bond between metal ions or clusters and organic linking groups. NH2-MIL-68（In）, as a typical Metal-Organic Framework, shows great application potential in gas storage, separation, catalysis and optoelectronics due to its high specific surface area, adjustable pore size and functionality. The purpose of this study is to investigate the structural characteristics, synthesis methods and application of NH2-MIL-68（In）in related fields. Through the application of various experimental methods, NH2-MIL-68（In）was prepared by the solvothermal method, and then NH2-MIL-68（In）-AA and NH2-MIL-68（In）-CMC samples were prepared via the method of Post-Synthetic Modification. The structural properties and performance of the products were systematically studied. Research has found that NH2-MIL-68（In）has significant advantages in the extraction of norfloxacin due to its high specific surface area and pore volume. After analysis of norfloxacin extraction at different pH values, NH2-MIL-68（In）-CMC and NH2-MIL-68（In）-AA had the best effects in norfloxacin extraction at pH=10. And NaOH was found to have the best elution effect. This study not only deepens the understanding of the structure and properties of NH2-MIL-68（In）and its subsequent synthesized products, but also provides experimental basis for the further development of this material in practical applications.

2025 Vol.32(1): 39–43    [Abstract] ( 17 )    [PDF 2453 KB ] ( 2 )

Staphylococcus warneri is a coagulase negative Staphylococcus. In recent years, the incidence rate of infection caused by this pathogen has gradually increased and showed multiple drug resistance. In this study, the bacteria were isolated from the purulent lesion of adult laying hens from a chicken farm in Tianjin, and the isolated strains were identified by staining microscopy, biochemical test, drug sensitivity test and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The homology of the sequencing results was analyzed and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. The results showed that gram-positive cocci were detected by staining microscopy, and the biochemical and culture results were consistent with the characteristics of Staphylococcus. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed a high homology of 99.8% with the warning type Staphylococcus, and the isolated strain was determined to be Staphylococcus warneri. The isolated bacteria were sensitive to tetracycline, minocycline, ceftriaxone, cefquinoxime, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, clindamycin and vancomycin, and resistant to penicillin G, erythromycin and clarithromycin. The results of this study can provide reference for the prevention, control and treatment of infection caused by Staphylococcus warneri.

2025 Vol.32(1): 44–50    [Abstract] ( 16 )    [PDF 1109 KB ] ( 1 )

This study investigated the acute toxicity and transgenerational effects of p-xylene（PX）on Moina mongolica. The experiments were conducted under the following conditions: salinity of seawater 30±0.5, pH 8.1, temperature set at 28 ℃, and a light-dark cycle of 12L-12D with light intensity ranging from 2 000 to 3 000 lx. The results showed that the 24 h LC50 and 48 h LC50 values of PX on Moina mongolica were 9.82 mg/L and 7.16 mg/L, respectively, with a safety concentration of 1.14 mg/L. Under the influence of PX at concentrations ranging from 0.20 to 1.00 mg/L, significant decreases（P<0.05）were observed in total reproductive output and first brood reproductive output in the parental generation（P generation）compared to the control group. However, these parameters returned to normal levels in the F2 generation, with significant transgenerational effects appearing in the F3 or F4 generations. This study demonstrates that the toxic effects of PX on Moina mongolica can be transmitted to subsequent generations, providing theoretical support for the detection of marine organic pollutants and the screening of new test organisms.

2025 Vol.32(1): 51–55    [Abstract] ( 17 )    [PDF 2100 KB ] ( 2 )

Economic shellfish resources in shallow sea, intertidal zone and seawater ponds before and after flood discharge were investigated and analyzed after typhoon “Doksuri” in order to understand the impact of flood on economic shellfish in Tianjin sea area. The results showed that, the salinity in the mouth of Duliujian River and Ziyaxin River has decreased more than 60%, almost all economic shellfish such as Scapharca subcrenata, Crassostrea gigas, Ruditapes philippinarum, and Rapana venosa died except for Sinonovacula constricta and Cyclina sinensis, and the seawater salinity rose above 20 beyond 11.5 km offshore; The mortality rates of Rapana venosa, Ruditapes philippinarum and Scapharca subcrenata in Liyumen mudflat were 42.5%, 62.6% and 100% respectively, and the biomass decreased by 87.8%; The salinity in Dashentang shallow sea and the Lvjuhe intertidal zone decreased by 30%-40%, the mortality rate of economic shellfish were less than 10%, and the biomass increased by 0.6% and 25.9% respectively; The salinity of seawater ponds has decreased by about 30%, and the mortality rates of Ruditapes philippinarum and hard clams in aquaculture raised by 12.3% and 5.3%, respectively. Thus, it is suggested to conduct economic shellfish release, disaster warning and follow-up investigations.

2025 Vol.32(1): 56–61    [Abstract] ( 17 )    [PDF 1469 KB ] ( 1 )

In order to improve the dry and hard taste of highland barley biscuit, the recipe and process of low sugar and low fat highland barley meal substitute biscuit were optimized by single factor and orthogonal test, and the composition and alkalinity of the biscuit were determined. The results showed that the optimal formulation process of low sugar and low fat highland barley meal substitute biscuit was as follows：mbarley powder∶mlow gluten flour=4∶1, egg yolk powder 10%, skim milk powder 2.5%, sorbitol 6%, konjac oligosaccharide 15%, monoglyceride 0.4%, sodium stearyl lactate 0.2%, gluconolactone 1%, ammonium bicarbonate 0.5%, baking soda 1%, salt 0.2%, butter 2.5%, white granulated sugar 4%, and water 44%. The finished product can be obtained by baking at 155℃/ 130℃ for 16 min. The content of protein, fat and reducing sugar were（7.77±0.01）%,（1.55±0.01）% and（2.20±0.00）% respectively, which met the national low sugar and low fat standard. Its moisture content and alkalinity were（2.3±0.26）% and 0.04 g/100 g respectively, which met the national safety standards. To sum up, the optimized highland barley meal substitute biscuit is nutritious, healthy and crispy. The results can provide technical reference for the industrial production of low sugar and low fat highland barley meal substitute biscuit.

2025 Vol.32(1): 62–68    [Abstract] ( 13 )    [PDF 5036 KB ] ( 1 )

In this study, Qishan yam, soymilk, Xiaozhan rice, oatmeal, glutinous rice and dried lily bulb were used as the main ingredients to optimize the ingredient ratios of Meiling porridge through single-factor and response surface experimental design with fuzzy sensory evaluation as the index, and Qishan yam was pretreated with peeling, colour protection and blanching. The results showed that the Meiling porridge had exquisite texture and complex flavor with the highest sensory score of 84.9 at 8% of Qishan yam addition, 6% of soya bean milk addition, 5% of Xiaozhan rice addition, 4% of oats addition, 2% of glutinous rice addition and 1% of dried lily bulb addition. The optimal peeling process conditions were as follows: 5% NaOH solution, soaking time 70 ℃, soaking for 17 min; the optimal colour protection conditions were as follows: citric acid mass fraction 1%, salt mass fraction 2.5%, ascorbic acid mass fraction 1% and the optimal blanching time 10 min. The addition of Qishan yam not only enriches the porridge’s nutrients, but also improves the porridge's texture with the pre-treatment of Qishan yam. This study can provide reference for the development of Meiling porridge and bring new vitality to traditional products.

2025 Vol.32(1): 69–76    [Abstract] ( 15 )    [PDF 2633 KB ] ( 3 )

In order to solve the problem of determining the appropriate feeding amount in Cynoglossus semilaevis aquaculture, researchers made the feeding rate table by collecting a lot of experimental data. However, the feeding rate table has problems, such as insufficient precision, reliance on manual experience and so on, which is not conducive to the realization of standardization and automation in feeding processes. To overcome this problem, this study collected the actual breeding record data of breeding enterprises and used machine learning methods to build a prediction model for the feeding amount of Cynoglossus semilaevis. The model was characterized by 29 items of information related to the feeding of Semilaevis. Firstly, Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman correlation coefficient and Kendall correlation coefficient were used for correlation analysis. Secondly, principal component analysis method was used to reduce the data dimension. Then the dimensionally reduced data set was randomly divided into training set, verification set and test set in a ratio of 7∶2∶1, which were used to train the model, adjust model parameters and evaluate model performance respectively. In order to explore the prediction effect of machine learning models based on different algorithms on the amount of bait, BP neural network, support vector machine and random forest models were constructed on the training set. The average absolute error of the BP neural network model on the test set was（MAE）0.210, the root mean square error（RMSE）was 0.301, and the coefficient of determination（R2）was 0.802; The MAE of the support vector machine model on the test set was 0.248, the RMSE was 0.370, and the R2 was 0.701; Of the random forest model on the test set the MAE was 0.106, the RMSE was 0.185, and the R2 was 0.925. The results demonstrate that among the three models, the random forest model which performs best in feeding amount prediction, is the most suitable one for the feeding deciding task in actual Cynoglossus semilaevis aquaculture, and is conducive to the realization of standardization and automation in feeding processes.

2025 Vol.32(1): 77–81    [Abstract] ( 16 )    [PDF 2649 KB ] ( 2 )

A rapid detection method for microplastics was proposed and established in chicken feed based on near-infrared spectroscopy. 80 chicken feed samples and 80 chicken feed samples adulterated with polypropylene at different mass percentage concentrations（0.01%-0.8%）were prepared respectively. The near-infrared spectra of all samples were collected by Perkin Elmer's Spectrum GX Fourier transform NIR spectrometer. On the basis of studying the near-infrared spectral characteristics of chicken feed without and with added polypropylene, the qualitative and quantitative analysis models for chicken feed adulterated with polypropylene were established. For qualitative model, the discrimination accuracies of samples in calibration set and prediction set were 95.2% and 92.5%, respectively. For quantitative model, the calibrated correlation coefficient R and the calibrated root mean square error were 0.98 and 8.83×10-4 respectively, and the predicted correlation coefficient R and the predicted root mean square error were 0.97 and 1.70×10-3 respectively. The results indicated that rapid detection of microplastics in chicken feed based on near-infrared spectroscopy is not only feasible, but also has achieved good analytical results.

2025 Vol.32(1): 82–89    [Abstract] ( 20 )    [PDF 1157 KB ] ( 6 )

The DSSAT model was employed to assess the influence of future temperature changes on greenhouse tomato production potential in North China, aiming to guide sustainable management practices. Model applicability was validated using field trial data in the region. The model accurately simulated the growth and development of greenhouse tomatoes under rising temperatures, and analyzed the impacts on water consumption, yield, and water use efficiency. Through varietal parameter calibration, simulated values aligned well with experimental measurements, demonstrating the model’s suitability for studying greenhouse tomatoes in North China. Results indicated a decreasing trend in water consumption, yield, and water use efficiency with rising temperatures, highlighting the adverse effects of temperature increase on tomato growth. When the temperature increased by 1 ℃, it was necessary to increase the amount of water nitrogen by 5%-20% to basically reach the original tomato yield; when the temperature increased by 2 ℃, it was necessary to increase the amount of water nitrogen by 10%-25% to reach the original yield; when the temperature increased by 3 ℃, it was necessary to increase the amount of water nitrogen by 15%-25% to reach the original yield. Exceeding specified levels in irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer usage can adversely impact tomato growth. Elevated temperatures negatively affect both yield and water use efficiency of greenhouse tomatoes in North China. The study results offer valuable technical support for achieving high-yield, high-efficiency, and sustainable greenhouse tomato production in the region.

2025 Vol.32(1): 90–96    [Abstract] ( 17 )    [PDF 807 KB ] ( 1 )

The Marxist labor education view believes that labor is the basic premise for human survival and development, and education should be combined with productive labor. To strengthen youth labor education, we need to follow the law of student growth, incorporate labor education into the whole process of talent training and run through all stages of universities, middle schools and primary schools. Following the theoretical logic of Marxist labor education concept, this paper analyzes the practical logic of the problems and causes of youth labor education in China, and explores the practical logic of promoting the integrated development of labor, ideological and political education in universities, middle schools and primary schools. It is an important way and carrier of ideological and political education to strengthen the function of labor education and promote the all-round development of young people through labor.

2025 Vol.32(1): 97–102    [Abstract] ( 14 )    [PDF 1267 KB ] ( 1 )

After more than 20 years of development, Master of Public Administration（MPA）education has achieved great-leap forward development in China. More and more local universities are participating in MPA personnel training. On the basis of analyzing the difficulties of MPA education in local agricultural and forestry universities, this paper takes the MPA education reform and practice of Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University as an example, proposes an MPA education training model based on the 5GPS model with “goal-process-ability” as the core, and analyzes the comprehensive reform measures and achievements of MPA education based on the 5GPS model.