天津农学院学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (2): 18-22.doi: 10.19640/j.cnki.jtau.2020.02.004

• 研究与简报 • 上一篇    下一篇

磷肥对玉米产量及青饲品质的影响

袁苗苗1, 张烈2, 曹高燚1, 杜锦1, 刘琪1, 向春阳1,通信作者   

  1. 1.天津农学院 农学与资源环境学院,天津 300384;
    2.天津中天大地科技有限公司,天津 300384
  • 收稿日期:2010-03-07 出版日期:2020-06-30 发布日期:2020-07-03
  • 通讯作者: 向春阳(1965-),男,教授,博士,主要从事作物育种和栽培生理研究。E-mail:xiang5918@sina.com。
  • 作者简介:袁苗苗(1995-),女,硕士在读,主要从事玉米栽培生理研究。E-mail:1447459778@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    天津市种业科技重大专项(16ZXZYNC00150)

Effect of phosphate fertilizer on yield and forage quality of maize

YUAN Miao-miao1, ZHANG Lie2, CAO Gao-yi1, DU Jin1, LIU Qi1, XIANG Chun-yang1,Corresponding Author   

  1. 1. College of Agronomy and Resources Environment, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China;
    2. Tianjin ZhongtianDadi Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300384, China
  • Received:2010-03-07 Online:2020-06-30 Published:2020-07-03

摘要: 为研究磷肥对青贮玉米籽粒产量和青饲品质的影响,探究更有效的磷肥利用效率。以青贮玉米‘津贮100’为试验材料,采用田间小区试验,随机区组设计,设置了0、37.5、75.0、112.5和150.0 kg/hm2 5个施磷肥水平,测定了各磷肥处理下的玉米籽粒产量、籽粒粗蛋白、茎叶粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和淀粉含量。结果表明:施磷量为37.5 kg/hm2时,玉米产量最高,为11 206.40 kg/hm2,产量增幅为13.46%;施磷量为75.0 kg/hm2时,玉米籽粒中的粗蛋白和淀粉含量均达到最高,较不施磷肥处理分别提高了9.62%、8.23%;施磷量为112.5 kg/hm2时,玉米茎叶中的淀粉和粗蛋白含量均达到最高,较不施磷肥处理分别提高了20.77%、5.44%。施磷量为0和37.5 kg/hm2时,籽粒和茎叶中的酸性洗涤纤维含量均最低。不施磷处理茎叶和籽粒中的中性冼涤纤维含量最低。在一定的磷肥施用范围内,玉米产量随施磷量的增加而增加,但饲用品质却随施磷量的增加而降低。在施用适量氮肥和钾肥的同时,通过不同施磷水平处理产量性状分析看出,‘津贮100’玉米产量和总干物质量均以施P2O5 37.5 kg/hm2时表现最好。从品质性状看,以施P2O5 75.0 kg/hm2为宜。

关键词: 玉米, 磷肥, 产量, 青饲品质

Abstract: In order to investigate the effects of phosphate fertilizer on yield and forage quality of maize and discuss on more effective utilization efficiency of phosphate fertilizer, this study was carried out. Using silage maize variety ‘Jinzhu 100’ as the test material, a field plot experiment was conducted, while 5 phosphate application levels of 0, 37.5, 75.0, 112.5 and 150.0 kg/hm2 were set up. Maize grain yield, the content of crude protein in stem, leaf and grain, the content of acid and neutral washing fiber and the content of starch under various phosphate fertilizer treatments were determined. The results showed that, the yield of corn reached the highest at 37.5 kg/hm2, reaching 11 206.40 kg/hm2, and the yield increased by 13.46%. The content of crude protein and starch in grain was the highest at 75.0 kg/hm2; compared with the treatment without phosphate fertilizer, it increased by 9.62% and 8.23%, respectively. The content of crude protein and starch in maize stems and leaf were the highest at 112.5 kg/hm2; compared with the treatment without phosphate fertilizer, it increased by 20.77% and 5.44%, respectively. When the phosphate content were 0 kg/hm2 and 37.5 kg/hm2 the medium acid washing fiber of the stems and leaves and the grain were also the lowest; With the treatment of without phosphatefertilize, the neutral washing fiber in the grain, stems and leaves were also the lowest. In the application range of phosphate fertilizer, the yield of corn is increased with the increase of phosphate application, whilethe forage quality of corn decreased with the increase of phosphate application rate. When applying proper amount of phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, it is an effective way to improve the yield of silage corn by applying proper amount of phosphate fertilizer at the same time.

Key words: maize, phosphate fertilizer, yield, forage quality

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