Abstract: With the restriction of water, soil, environment and other factors, the dry direct seeding cultivation technology of rice is developing day by day. By comparing the differences of cultivation methods, water and fertilizer management, yield and quality, and soil properties between dry direct seeding rice and conventional transplanting rice, the results showed that dry direct seeding rice had fast growth process, high water production efficiency, and that nitrogen use efficiency could be improved by appropriately reducing nitrogen in the early stage. The difference of yield between dry direct seeding and conventional rice was not significant, but protein content of dry direct seeding rice was increased, and its soil aeration was good. It had advantage on structure improvement and fertility maintenance, water saving, labor saving, time saving and soil environment improvement. At the same time, it was pointed out that there were some problems such as lack of effective control of diseases, pests and weeds, lodging easily, and unstable yield and quality. Finally, the development prospects of dry direct seeding and conventional cultivation techniques were analyzed from different perspectives. It was proposed that in the production areas with prominent constraints of soil and water environment, with the promotion of pest control technology and variety breeding, dry direct seeding technology will achieve the great potential of sustainable production and become an effective way to ensure food security in China.

Key words: rice, dry direct seeding, cultivation technology, research progress, comparison, application prospects