天津农学院学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 6-12.doi: 10.19640/j.cnki.jtau.2026.03.002

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旱作玉米单交种光合生产能力杂种优势对氮肥的响应

杨景1, 渠肄敏1, 张中东2, 余少波1,通信作者, 张磊1,通信作者   

  1. 1.忻州师范学院 生物系,山西 忻州 034000;
    2.山西农业大学 玉米研究所,山西 忻州 034000
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-28 出版日期:2026-06-30 发布日期:2026-06-30
  • 通讯作者: 余少波(1991—),男,讲师,博士,主要从事作物高产高效栽培生理研究。E-mail:imauyusb@163.com。张磊(1982—),男,副研究员,博士,主要从事旱作农田耕地质量改良及农技配套研发。E-mail:zl011004@163.com。
  • 作者简介:杨景(1989—),男,讲师,博士,主要从事作物种质资源保育以及品种鉴定。E-mail:nevermore_yj@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    山西省基础研究计划自由探索类青年项目(202203021222302,202303021222229); 忻州市科技计划基础研究项目(20230504,20230506); 忻州师范学院校级五台山专项(01230038); 山西省教育厅高等学校科技创新计划(2023L301)

Heterosis of photosynthetic production capacity in single-cross maize hybrids and their response to nitrogen fertilizer

Yang Jing1, Qu Yimin1, Zhang Zhongdong2, Yu Shaobo1,Corresponding Author, Zhang Lei1,Corresponding Author   

  1. 1. Department of Biology, Xinzhou Normal University, Xinzhou 034000, Shanxi Province, China;
    2. Institute of Maize Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Xinzhou 034000, Shanxi Province, China
  • Received:2024-10-28 Online:2026-06-30 Published:2026-06-30

摘要: 旱作玉米光合能力杂种优势与产量杂种优势关系密切,探究玉米光合杂种优势对于玉米高光效品种选育和高产高效栽培具有重要意义。试验以典型旱作玉米品种‘先玉335'和‘郑单958'及其亲本为材料,设置两个氮素水平,探究玉米单交种光合生产能力相关指标的杂种优势与产量杂种优势的内在关系。结果表明,在不施氮条件下,旱作玉米叶片的SPADPnGsCiTr等光合性能指标均未表现出杂种优势,而产量表现出较低的杂种优势(51.89%)。施氮后,SPADPnGsCiTr等光合指标的杂种优势显现(4.03%、35.90%、51.00%、15.60%和30.20%),产量杂种优势(94.34%)较不施氮处理提高42.45%。不施氮条件下,产量杂种优势主要来源于作物干物质积累和叶面积指数(LAI),而叶片光合性能指标未表现杂种优势;施氮后,除干物质积累量和LAI仍然具备杂种优势外,叶片光合生产能力表现出明显的杂种优势(尤其GsPn)。综上,施氮能够显著提升旱作玉米单交种叶片光合能力的杂种优势,并且是玉米单交种产量杂种优势显著提升的主要原因。

关键词: 玉米, 单交种, 光合特性, 杂种优势, 生理基础

Abstract: The relationship between the heterosis of photosynthetic capacity and yield heterosis in drought-resistant maize is very close. Investigating the photosynthetic heterosis of maize is of great significance for the selection and breeding of high-efficiency varieties and high-yield and efficient cultivation. This study used typical drought-resistant maize varieties ‘Xianyu 335' and ‘Zhengdan 958' and their parents as experimental materials to explore the intrinsic relationship between the heterosis of photosynthetic production capacity indicators and yield heterosis in single-cross maize under two nitrogen supply levels. The results showed that at 0 kg/hm² nitrogen level, the SPAD, Pn, Gs, Ci, and Tr of drought-resistant maize leaves did not show heterosis compared to inbred lines, while yield exhibited a relatively low heterosis(51.89%). After nitrogen application, the heterosis of photosynthetic indicators such as SPAD, Pn, Gs, Ci, and Tr appeared(4.03%, 35.90%, 51.00%, 15.60%, and 30.20%), and the yield heterosis(94.34%)increased by 42.45% compared to the no-nitrogen treatment. Under the condition of 0 kg/hm2 nitrogen, the heterosis of yield mainly comes from crop dry matter accumulation and LAI, but the photosynthetic performance index of leaves does not have heterosis. After nitrogen application, the dry matter accumulation and LAI still have heterosis, and the photosynthetic production capacity of dry corn leaves shows obvious heterosis(especially Gs and Pn). The results show that nitrogen application can significantly improve the heterosis of photosynthetic capacity of leaves of dry-land maize single cross, and nitrogen application is the main reason for the significant improvement of heterosis of maize single cross yield.

Key words: maize, hybrids, photosynthetic characteristics, heterosis, physiological basis

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