天津农学院学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (4): 39-46.doi: 10.19640/j.cnki.jtau.2025.04.006

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不同时间尺度夏玉米生育期蒸散发变化规律及其影响因素研究

马巧月1, 王睿1, 左倚萌1, 车政2, 韩信1,通信作者   

  1. 1.天津农学院 水利工程学院,天津 300392;
    2.中建六局水利水电建设集团有限公司,天津 300222
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-01 发布日期:2025-09-02
  • 通讯作者: 韩信(1990—),女,讲师,博士,主要从事农田水利与节水灌溉方面的研究。E-mail:xinhan@tjau.edu.cn。
  • 作者简介:马巧月(2002—),女,本科在读,主要从事农田水利与节水灌溉方面的研究。E-mail:2875324562@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然基金项目(52130906);天津市高等学校大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202310061236);中建六局科技研发课题(CSCEC6B-2023-Z-11)

Study on the changes and influencing factors of evapotranspiration during the growth period of summer maize at different time scales

Ma Qiaoyue1, Wang Rui1, Zuo Yimeng1, Che Zheng2, Han Xin1,Corresponding Author   

  1. 1. College of Water Conservancy Engineering, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China;
    2. China Construction Sixth Engineering Bureau, Hydropower Construction Co. Ltd, Tianjin 300222, China
  • Received:2024-04-01 Published:2025-09-02

摘要: 蒸散发是陆面和大气之间物质与能量交换的关键要素,其精准估测对于制定合理的灌溉计划和提高水分利用效率至关重要。本研究以华北平原2017和2018年夏玉米为研究对象,基于涡度相关系统和自动气象站观测数据,探讨了不同时间尺度夏玉米蒸散发(Evapotranspiration,ET)变化规律及其影响因素。结果表明:小时尺度ET均呈现“几”字形变化,在12:00—14:00之间出现最大值,0:00左右出现最小值。抽穗-灌浆期、灌浆-乳熟期ET值相比于其他生育期较大,播种-出苗期最小(分别为0.031 5 mm和0.021 5 mm)。日尺度上,随着夏玉米的生长,ET先增加后减小,最大值出现在拔节-抽穗期(分别为3.7 mm和4.5 mm),整个生育期日均值最小的是播种-出苗期(均值分别为2.72 mm和1.86 mm)。月尺度上,ET最大值均出现在8月份(分别为125.10 mm和117.80 mm),最小值出现在6月份(分别为50.08 mm和34.04 mm)。平均日光合有效辐射与ET之间相关性最大,决定系数R2为0.270 4;其次为日平均空气温度,R2为0.074 2;平均日空气相对湿度与ET的相关性最小,决定系数R2为0.020 7。本研究结果将为农田下垫面的水分管理提供科学依据。

关键词: 华北平原, 夏玉米, 蒸散发, 不同时间尺度, 涡度相关系统

Abstract: Evapotranspiration is a key factor in the exchange of material and energy between the land surface and the atmosphere. Accurate estimation of evapotranspiration is essential for formulating reasonable irrigation plans and improving water use efficiency. In this study, summer maize in the North China Plain in 2017 and 2018 was used as the research object. Based on the observation data of eddy covariance system and automatic weather station, the variation of evapotranspiration(ET)of summer maize and its influencing factors at different time scales were discussed. The results showed that the hourly scale ET showed a ‘几’ shape change, with a maximum value between 12:00-14:00 and a minimum value around 0:00. The ET values of heading-filling stage and filling-milk ripening stage were larger than that of other growth stages, and the ET value of sowing-emergence stage was the smallest(0.031 5 mm and 0.021 5 mm, respectively). On the daily scale, with the growth of summer maize, ET increased first and then decreased, and the maximum value appeared at the jointing-heading stage(the average values were 3.7 mm and 4.5 mm, respectively). The minimum daily mean value of the whole growth period was sowing- emergence stage(the average values were 2.72 mm and 1.86 mm, respectively). On the monthly scale, the maximum value of ET appeared in August(125.10 mm and 117.80 mm respectively), and the minimum value appeared in June(50.08 mm and 34.04 mm respectively). The correlation between ET and average sunlight and effective radiation was the largest, and the determination coefficient R2 was 0.270 4. The second was the daily average air temperature, with R2 0.074 2, and the correlation between average daily air relative humidity and ET was the smallest, with the coefficient of determination R2 0.020 7. The results of this study will provide a scientific basis for water management of farmland underlying surface.

Key words: North China Plain, summer maize, evapotranspiration, different time scales, eddy covariance system

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