天津农学院学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (2): 6-10.doi: 10.19640/j.cnki.jtau.2026.02.002

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施氮时期和施氮量对小麦农艺性状、产量及秸秆粗蛋白质产量的影响

罗峰, 高建明, 裴忠有, 孙守钧通信作者   

  1. 天津农学院 农学与资源环境学院,天津市主要农作物智能育种重点实验室,天津 300392
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-12 出版日期:2026-04-30 发布日期:2026-05-06
  • 通讯作者: 孙守钧(1961—),男,教授,博士,主要从事作物育种及栽培研究。E-mail:sunshoujun@tjau.edu.cn。
  • 作者简介:罗峰(1980—),男,副研究员,硕士,主要从事作物育种及农作物秸秆利用研究。E-mail:luofeng1868@126.com。
  • 基金资助:
    天津市优秀科技特派员项目(23ZYCGSN00150); 天津市主要农作物智能育种重点实验室青年开放课题(KLIBMC2307)

Effects of nitrogen application stage and rate on agronomic characters, yield and straw crude protein yield of wheat

Luo Feng, Gao Jianming, Pei Zhongyou, Sun ShoujunCorresponding Author   

  1. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Intelligent Breeding of Major Crops, College of Agronomy and Resource Environment, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China
  • Received:2024-12-12 Online:2026-04-30 Published:2026-05-06

摘要: 为明确施氮时期与施氮量对小麦农艺性状、籽粒产量、秸秆产量及其粗蛋白质产量的影响,以‘济麦22号’为供试品种,分别在拔节期和抽穗期追施不同用量的氮肥。结果表明:拔节期追施氮肥对小麦株高和千粒重影响较大,对穗长和穗粒数影响较小;抽穗期施氮对小麦株高的影响大于其他农艺性状。比较两个时期的施肥效果,拔节期追施氮肥的增产效果优于抽穗期。在拔节期追施氮肥时,小麦籽粒和秸秆产量均随施氮量呈先增后降趋势,其中追施纯氮233.5 kg/hm2时籽粒和秸秆产量均为最高,分别增产25.79%和35.27%,同时秸秆粗蛋白质产量亦最高。因此,拔节期追施纯氮233.5 kg/hm2是实现小麦籽粒和秸秆高产及提升秸秆饲用品质的最适施肥措施。

关键词: 施氮时期, 施氮量, 小麦, 农艺性状, 秸秆, 产量, 粗蛋白质产量

Abstract: ‘Jimai No.22’ was used as a test variety to study the effects of different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer on wheat agronomic traits, grain and straw yield and crude protein yield at jointing and heading stages. The results showed that topdressing nitrogen fertilizer at jointing stage had greater effect on plant height and 1 000-grain weight of wheat, but had less effect on panicle length and grain number per panicle. Nitrogen application at heading stage had greater effect on plant height of wheat than other agronomic traits. Comparing the effects of fertilization in two periods, the effect of topdressing nitrogen fertilizer at jointing stage was better than that in heading stage. When topdressing nitrogen fertilizer at jointing stage, the yield of wheat grain and straw increased and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. When pure nitrogen 233.5 kg/hm2 was applied at jointing stage, the yield of grain and straw was the highest, which increased by 25.79% and 35.27% respectively. At this time, the yield of crude protein of straw was also the highest. It is concluded that topdressing pure nitrogen 233.5 kg/hm2 at jointing stage is the best fertilization measure for wheat to obtain high yield of grain and straw as well as high quality of straw for feeding.

Key words: nitrogen application stage, nitrogen application rate, wheat, agronomic characters, straw, yield, crude protein yield

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