宁夏玉米主要生育期需水量和水分亏缺量时空分布特征

doi:10.19640/j.cnki.jtau.2025.04.005

天津农学院学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (4): 32-38.doi: 10.19640/j.cnki.jtau.2025.04.005

宁夏玉米主要生育期需水量和水分亏缺量时空分布特征

邱美娟, 葛均筑, 周培禄, 宋晓慧, 徐小诺

天津农学院农学与资源环境学院,天津 300392

收稿日期:2024-01-17 发布日期:2025-09-02
作者简介:邱美娟（1987—）,女,讲师,博士,主要从事农业气象灾害与产量预测研究。E-mail：qmjcams@163.com。

Spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of water demand and water deficit during the main growth period of maize in Ningxia

Qiu Meijuan, Ge Junzhu, Zhou Peilu, Song Xiaohui, Xu Xiaonuo

College of Agronomy and Resource Environment, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China

Received:2024-01-17 Published:2025-09-02

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究作物需水量及水分亏缺量可为指导当地农业灌溉、有效防御气象干旱提供理论依据。本研究依据宁夏地区1961—2017年逐日实测气象数据计算玉米主要生育期降水量,采用联合国粮农组织（FAO）推荐的Penman-Monteith公式计算玉米主要生育期的需水量,进而计算水分亏缺量,并分析其时空分布特征。结果表明：1961—2017年,宁夏地区在玉米出苗-拔节期、拔节-抽雄期、抽雄-乳熟期、乳熟-成熟期的平均降水量分别为41.4、32.8、61.0、64.2 mm,玉米需水量平均值分别为94.6、87.6、178.6、102.2 mm,水分亏缺量的平均值分别为53.2、54.8、117.6、38.1 mm。宁夏地区近57年,玉米出苗-拔节期和拔节-抽雄期的降水量基本呈增加趋势,抽雄-乳熟期和乳熟-成熟期的降水量基本呈下降趋势。需水量总体变化趋势不一致,但呈上升趋势的站点均有部分通过显著性检验。水分亏缺量在出苗-拔节期呈下降趋势,在其他生育期大部分地区呈上升趋势,总体呈现出由北向南亏缺量逐渐降低的空间分布特征。综合分析可知,宁夏北部尤其是玉米抽雄-乳熟期灌溉用水量需求较大,需适时进行人工灌溉以确保高产、稳产。

关键词: 宁夏, 玉米需水量, 水分亏缺量, 时空分布特征, Penman-Monteith公式

Abstract: The study of crop water demand and water deficit can provide a theoretical basis for local agricultural irrigation and effective defense against meteorological drought. In this study, daily observed meteorological data from 1961 to 2017 were used to calculate the precipitation during the main growing periods of maize in Ningxia. The Penman-Monteith formula, recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations（FAO）, was used to calculate the water requirement during the main growing periods of maize, then the water deficit was calculated and its spatial-temporal distribution characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that from 1961 to 2017, the average precipitation of maize in Ningxia at the sowing to emergence, emergence to jointing, jointing to tasseling, tasseling to milk ripening and milk ripening to maturity periods were 41.4, 32.8, 61.0, and 64.2 mm, respectively. The average maize water demand was 94.6, 87.6, 178.6, and 102.2 mm, respectively. And the average water deficit was 53.2, 54.8, 117.6, 38.1 mm respectively. In the past 57 years, the precipitation of maize in Ningxia showed an increasing trend during the emergence to jointing stage and the jointing to tasseling stage, while showed a decreasing trend during the tasseling to milk ripening stage and milk ripening to mature stage. Overall, the change trend of water demand was inconsistent, but some stations with an upward trend passed the significance test. The water deficit showed a decreasing trend during the emergence to jointing stage, and an increasing trend was observed in most areas during the other growth stages. Overall, the spatial distribution of water deficit gradually decreased from north to south. It can be seen that the northern part of the study area, especially during the tasseling to milk ripening period, has a high demand for irrigation water for maize, so irrigation is necessary to ensure high and stable yield.

Key words: Ningxia, maize water requirement, water deficit, spatial-temporal distribution, Penman-Monteith formula

中图分类号:

S513

邱美娟, 葛均筑, 周培禄, 宋晓慧, 徐小诺. 宁夏玉米主要生育期需水量和水分亏缺量时空分布特征[J]. 天津农学院学报, 2025, 32(4): 32-38.

Qiu Meijuan, Ge Junzhu, Zhou Peilu, Song Xiaohui, Xu Xiaonuo. Spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of water demand and water deficit during the main growth period of maize in Ningxia[J]. Journal of Tianjin Agricultural University, 2025, 32(4): 32-38.

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链接本文: http://xuebao.tjau.edu.cn/CN/10.19640/j.cnki.jtau.2025.04.005

http://xuebao.tjau.edu.cn/CN/Y2025/V32/I4/32

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宁夏玉米主要生育期需水量和水分亏缺量时空分布特征

Spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of water demand and water deficit during the main growth period of maize in Ningxia

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