Abstract: The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China identified the institutional mechanisms for integrated urban-rural development as a key focus of deepening reforms, currently facing systemic barriers to the two-way flow of capital, land, and labor. This paper systematically analyzes institutional factors constraining equal exchange and bidirectional mobility of urban-rural resources through four dimensions: insufficient motivation for talent return migration, slow urbanization of agricultural transfer populations, mismatched spatial distribution of urban-rural construction land, and incomplete agricultural investment mechanisms. Based on this analysis, the study proposes countermeasures including establishing an “administrative+market” push-pull mechanism, implementing employment-based household registration policies with equal urban-rural rights, creating a land-use quota linkage system tied to permanent resident populations, and enhancing policy-based financial support for agriculture. These measures aim to dismantle institutional constraints and facilitate shared prosperity between urban and rural areas.

Key words: integrated urban-rural development, institutional and systemic barriers, bidirectional flow of factors